CystitisCall inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).The bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting, and can also lead to more serious problems if it enters the kidneys, climbing.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a reaction to certain drugs, radiation therapy or other stimuli: sprays for female hygiene, spermicidal gels or long -term use of urinary catheter.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Usually, bacterial cystitis requires the prescription of antibiotics.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Symptoms of Cystica include:
Imperative (sudden and very strong) call to urinate
Fake urination
Burning during urination
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Mud urine and/or urine with a sharp unpleasant odor
Discomfort in the pelvic area
Pressure pressure at the lower abdomen
Sub -fever body temperature (37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden onset of daily enuresis (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Seek medical attention immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristic of kidney infection, more special:
Back pain or sides
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Often, painful urination, permanently more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the course of treatment and the symptoms have already returned, consult a doctor immediately.
If your child has a daily enuresis, call your pediatrician
The causes and risk factors of cystic
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethra, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate the slag from the body.The kidneys filter the blood, releases primary and then secondary urine from it;The secondary urine flows through the urethra in the bladder and accumulates there for several hours, after which the bladder is filled, the man feels the desire to urinate and empty the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urity infections usually occur when bacteria from the outside penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Most often, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially this happens after the first sexual contact in a woman's life.But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to infections of the lower urinary tract, since women in genitals are often observed bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non -infectious cystitis
Nebakterialnym Cistitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The reasons for this chronic inflammation of the bladder, also called painful bladder syndrome, are still unclear.It is most common in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Cystitis medicines.Some medicines, chemotherapy drugs can cause cystitis as they accumulate in the bladder and irritate its wall.
Radiation cystitis.Radiation treatment of the pelvic region can cause inflammatory changes in the tissues of the bladder.
A foreign body cystitis.Prolonged use of urinary catheter may increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have increased sensitivity to chemicals contained in jacuzzi, female hygiene sprays, spermicidal gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Occasionally, cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy, or spinal cord damage.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop recurrent urinary tract infections than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - short urethra makes women more vulnerable before this disease.
Among the women, those who: WHO:
Sexually active.Sexual contact can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptives.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with spermicidal gel are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Changed hormones in menopause women are often provoked IMVP.
Other risk factors in men and women include:
Obstacle of urine.It can be caused by stone in the bladder or enlarged prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and chemotherapy for cancer.The suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacterial, and in some cases viral cystitis.
Long -term use of urinary catheter.Older people and people with some diseases may have to use a urinary catheter for a long time.This often leads to increased vulnerability before bacterial infections, as well as direct damage to the tissues of the bladder.
In men without any predisposing factors - cystitis is rare.
Cystic complications
With rapid and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with untimely treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
Cystic complications include, first of all, pyelonephritis (infectious inflammation of the kidneys).Infected bladder infection can enter the kidneys, ascending, which in turn can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to the kidney tissue (nephrosclerosis).
Early children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, as the symptoms of IMVP are often overlooked or misconded by doctors for the symptoms of other diseases.
Preparing to visit a doctor
If you or your child has symptoms characteristic of cystica, you should arrange a doctor.First, you must be examined by a pediatrician, therapist or general practitioner and then, if he considers it necessary, you will be directed to a urologist or nephrologist.In anticipation of the reception time, you can make a list that will reduce and optimize the communication time with your doctor:
Write your symptoms including those that seem to be not related to cystica
Make a list of all medicines, vitamins or nutritional supplements you take
Write questions you want to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask a doctor:
What was the most likely caused by my illness?
What additional reviews should I go through?
What are your factors, in your opinion, contributed to the development of cystitis?
What type of approach treatment do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you advise me afterwards?
What side effects can be expected from the prescribed course of treatment?
What is the risk of this problem being repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need a consultation with a narrow specialist, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions that arise with you while talking to a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a number of questions, for example:
When did you first notice these symptoms?
Have you treated urinary tract infections earlier?
How severe discomfort do you experience?
How often wet?
After urination, how long does it last?
Do you have pain in the lower back?
Have you had a fever?
Have you noticed disposal from the vagina or blood in the urine?
Are you active sexually?
Do you use contraception creams?What?
Aren't you pregnant?
Do you take medicines, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have chronic diseases?
Have you ever used a urinary catheter?
Cystitis diagnostics
In addition to questioning your symptoms and physics exam, your doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General analysis of urineThe test is used as skrinyingovy and as diagnostic.In this analysis IMVP can be discussed with elevated leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrites.
Urine analysis for sterility.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe urine analysis for sterility that will show the type of bacteria in the urine and their number.
Total blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells and may indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor introduces a cystoscope - a thin tube with backlight and camcorder, through the urethra in the bladder and examines it inside to examine structural abnormalities and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also take a small sample of fabric (biopsy) from a suspicious site for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not indicated to all patients with cystitis, but only patients with recurrent or non -bacterial cystitis.
Visualisiruyushchie methods.These examination methods are also required by all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of IMVP relapse in other ways.For example, radiography of the abdomen of the abdomen or ultrasound of the retroperitoneal space may identify structural abnormalities of the bladder, urethra and kidneys.In some cases, a contrast before radiography, ascending (cystography) or descending (intravenous urography) is performed.
Cystitis
Cystitis caused by bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.Treatment for non -infectious cystitis depends on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First -line antibiotics are medicines that are active against the intestinal stick, or those bacteria that are found in the urine during sowing.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually noticeably improve during the first days of treatment, but the doctor may insist on continuing therapy for three to seven days, depending on the severity of your infection.
Repeated infection.If you have an IMVP recurrence, your doctor may recommend longer treatment with antibiotics or referred you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of relapse.For some women with recurrent bacterial cystitis, one dose of antibiotic after each sexual contact may be useful.
Nosocomial infections.Nosocomial bladder infections can be extremely difficult to treat, as the bacteria that cause them are often resistant to the major antibiotics used to therapy for extracurricular bladder infections.Therefore, the doctor may prescribe several antibiotics at once.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis remains uncertain, so there is no universal treatment regimen suitable for all patients at the same time.The doctor can try the following treatments:
Preparations used orally or administered directly in the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms such as stretching the bladder, filling it with water or gas.
Including the nerve with mild electrical impulses (physiotization) to relieve pelvic pain, and in some cases reduces the frequency of urination and
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
First, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermicide cream, etc.
Treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, focuses on the suppression of pain (usually with the help of painkillers) and washing to reduce contact with bladder irritants.
Lifestyle and domestic remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple home methods to greatly facilitate this discomfort:
Use the heating pad.Place the heating pad on the lower abdomen, this will greatly relieve the pain and weight in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink lots of liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol containing caffeine soft drinks, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods - until the symptoms of cystitis are reduced.These substances can irritate the bladder and impair the frequency and intensity of urination.
Take a stuck bath.Strengthen the crotch in hot water for 15-20 minutes, this will noticeably relieve pain and discomfort.
With a recurring IMVP, discuss your personal optimal therapy tactics and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Prevention of cystitis
Blueberry juice or pills containing pro -anthocyanidin, it is often recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent bladder infections of some women.Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that these methods are not as effective as it was thought earlier.
You can still try to take cranberry juice every day, but remember that it cannot be combined with warfarin as this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful for preventing cystitis:
Drink lots of liquids, especially water.This is especially important if you get chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Warmly more often.If you feel a desire to urinate, do not delay a visit to the toilet.
After defecation, wipe the crotch in front.This prevents bacteria from the anal region in the vagina and urethra.
Take a shower, not a bath.If you are prone to IMVP relapses, if you refuse the bathroom and take a shower, as standing water in the bath can help penetrate the infection into the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this daily, but do not use irritating soaps and do not make energy efforts.Delicate skin around these areas is easy.
Enough of the bladder as soon as possible after intercourse.Drink a full glass of water to go to the toilet soon.
Avoid the use of deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics of the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.